According to Paul Gilbert, PhD, we have three types of emotion regulation systems – we’ve got the Threat System, the Drive System, and the Soothing System.
Now when a client is stuck in a painful cycle of self-criticism and shame, it’s often because these three systems are out of balance.
You see, many clients spend the majority of their time caught in the threat and drive systems – and this can lead to distress.
So how can we help our clients get a better sense of where they might be out of balance, and begin to notice whether their soothing system might be underdeveloped?
We thought it would be helpful for you to have this infographic to use with your clients. (Feel free to make a copy of this to share).
Click the image to enlarge
According to Paul Gilbert’s model, people often switch between three different systems to manage their emotions.
Drive System
Function: Achieve Goals, Consume, Accomplish Tasks
Soothing System
Function: Slow down, Soothe, Rest and Digest, Safeness, Kindness, Care
Threat System
Function: Manage Threats, Protection, Survive, Seek Safety
Although we may not realize it, many of us spend the majority of our time in threat and drive, which can lead to imbalanced emotions and distress. It can be important to notice if your soothing system is underdeveloped.
In order to help you get a sense of where you might be out of balance, your practitioner may ask you to imagine how big each of your circles is.
Adapted from Gilbert, P. (2009). He Compassionate Mind: A New Approach To Life’s Challenges. London: Constable and Robinson.
Sharing Dr. Gilbert’s three circles model could be a good way to help clients become more aware of when they are in a state of threat. Not only that, it can help them learn how to shift out of the threat system and into safeness and connection.
If you’d like to print a copy to share, just click here: Color or Print-friendly
(Please be sure to include the NICABM logo as well as the credit to Paul Gilbert. We put a lot of work into creating these resources for you. Thanks!)
To hear more from Dr. Gilbert, please join us for the master series on The Clinical Application of Compassion – here’s the link where you can sign up.
Now we’d like to hear from you. How will you use this in your work with clients? Please leave a comment below.
I am a clinician and want to know the procedure for developing balance of mind in my clients. A favour will be highly appreciated.
Dr.Jagadish Choith Ajawani Ph.D. ,D.Lit.(Psychology) Dr. Ajawani’s Happiness Clinic 19 ,Green Avenue Daldal Seoni, Mowa Raipur Chhattisgarh India 492014 Mobile 09329100865 email id drajawanihappinessclinic@gmail.com
Oh I switch between Threat and Soothing. I’m almost never in drive. Like I do hypo arousal (dissociate, freeze, sulk) and hardly ever do hyperarousal (I hardly ever have anxiety but occasionally stress when the consequences of my inaction are actively arriving). Taking stimulant medication helps me to get out of hypo arousal and into drive but is there not a way to do this naturally? Like some techniques or exercises? I am unable to do visualising so therapy was a struggle and kind of unproductive.
Very simple and powerful… I’ve been in the constant threat space and easily move it into it and this is a perfect illustration of simple truth. Love it
Great graphic! But it leaves me wonder – should all three circles be of about the same size? Personally, I could use a lot more drive, and my soothe-circle is quite big in my system. Would we also need the threat-circle to be balanced with the others – around the same size? It seems to me that the threat-system is not so much needed in our society, and I’m wondering if it should be a goal to minimize those aspects (that circle) so we end up with two big circles (drive and soothe) and one very small (threat)?
Thank you for another great infographic!
I am creating a course for using compassion focused therapy with spirituality for Christians. May I use this infographic as long as I keep all of the identifying logos and give credit?
Thank you in advance!
Hi
My name is Michelle Horne. I suffer from multiple sclerosis and am now retired. I used to work in Hammersmith and the Royal Free Hospital’s as a Medical Secretary / P.A for many years.
I also am now a single mother.
I find your work fascinating and would love to read more about working with stress and abandoment.
I know the likely hood of my returning to work in hospitals at the moment is quite small, but as medication improves for suffers i will like to try to keep up to date on modern thinking of these topics.
Best regards
Michelle Horne
I really love this and my clients are benefitting.
Many thanks
Joanna
Is it possible that the days and time could be extended to Fridays or else? My off schedule doesn’t allow me to watch any of them to participate. But thank you for the chart.
I think this is missing something. There are two aspects of protection: one lives in the threat system, the other (or perhaps I should say the other half) lives in the ‘soothe’ system.
Nothing kicks an individual into feeling safe and soothed, and allowing them to access their parasympathetic, faster (or deeper) than knowing they have a connected other dedicated to keeping them safe: actively protecting them, and ensuring their well-being. This is an action performed by fathers and husbands, and mothers and wives, differently depending on whether the person being protected is the spouse, child or adult offspring.
Without that protective, caring connection, it’s almost impossible for people to go into, let alone stay for any length of time, within their parasympathetic system.
Georgina A., your comment strikes me as so insightful as to be a kind of message of epiphany for this work. I agree on the centrality of needing to know the experience of a safe and protective person one can identify as having had in their life. When the most central person to the traumatized individual has been masquerading as their loving (mother…) but has not, in fact, protected them nor had their safety and well-being as a real priority, who in the world can they internalize to provide the necessary experience of safety and reliability? This is a component that needs to be cultivated in the abstract; one has to be one’s own parent. I agree that recognition of this component in the model is, perhaps, weak; maybe the experts can speak to this in the future?
Tout a fait d’accord.
Très d’accord.
Emotions are ongoing. Let’s not have them take over. This is a great chart. Does anyone have suggestions about how to soothe the stress within at work? I live music but sounds can disturbs .
try “quick coherence” Youtube video; “Heart Math”
With open heart, mind and soul??
??♀️???deb
This is very similar to the model I use when talking about my FABULOUS principle. Attendees can understand what is said so much better through this type of diagram.
Barbara Rubel
A really powerful visual. Thank you for sharing.
great tool!! thanks so much!
Pretty thing, what’s better than this to show to the clients. Totally agree.
Hmm, wondering what circle depression goes into? Anybody care to comment?
THREAT..I would think
Awareness and somatic …could it be
Threat
I think Paul Gilbert’s work would suggest low drive + low ability to soothe along with high sense of threat contributes to development of depression? (I am not an expert) (oops – see – self critical and history of shame!)
For some reason, I see this chart perfectly well as one circle or a Venn Diagram would look great. But it is just me….
Thanks for your kind work.
I believe there is a factor missing but could be included in the distress of the environmental stress, of any type, it could be socio-emotional as well as psychological. Most of the time, a book and a hot drink (chamomille, tisane, tea, coffee) would be quite soothing at any time, for me. Before and after exercise. I found the list here is very short and it takes down to rest, digest, kindness, care, and slow down. Being out of sight and outdoor for fresh air, all this can be soothing, as well as a warm hot bath (lavender, etc.) Just have to do with what you have at hand. That’s from my emergency readiness training :0)
There’s is some similarities and for sure some differences for its use among the ethnic groups. My workplace provides with many of the knowledges that can only be enriching when referring to this chart. There should be no “walls” between ethnics groups and the “common humanity” is obvious here. Great chart, thanks.
Thank you so much! I totally agree Dr. Paul Gilbert’s model. As a multi-cultural therapist, this model can assist me to understand our emotions. Lots of Chinese didn’t aware the importance of soothing system but spending most of time in threat, and even drive systems to lead unbalanced emotions.
I will continue to explain this chart to my clients.
When the drive is a function and on tasks, any thought that arises could be an interpretation and as be critical to the well-being of the person. Dr. G’s pretty much a great model that has a threat system alarm awaking for survival. I don’t understand why the threat system is linked to the function of safety when it is connected “directly” to the threats and survival. How would this happen and “simultaneously”, what is the arrows indicating is that “something” happens, am I missing something from theVid? I agree with how you can achieve goals by slowing down, consuming and pay attention to digestion, and seek safety when accomplishing tasks, all of this seems overlapping, briefly speaking, it is a very diffunctioning system without knowing the locality of each point of attach in the system.
Thank you for sharing this graphic. Very helpful in seeing the three systems. Also helps me
understand my own emotions.
Really helpful to be able to clearly visualize these three types of emotional regulation systems. It will be really useful for clients as it will enable them to get a better sense of “where they are” in relation to these three circles. Determining how big each of their circles is will also show them what part of their emotional “landscape” needs to be more balanced. Truly a great resource… Thanks for making it available in such a beautiful infographic!
Thank you for this resource so generously shared. I intend to write a blog post that will appear on the Integrative Mediation Bay Area (IMBA) website. I will also talk about self soothing and have 3 circles handouts available for my divorce clients.
Thank you for sharing this resource, it’s very valuable and thought provoking. Sue Jackson
Thank you for this wonderful resource. I think it is wonderful to have visual representations of concepts to embed the image, if not the words alone, to memory.
Wow. Thanks so much. It’s a treat
Very helpful! Thank you!
I’ve been working with self-compassion practices which seem to bring me into the Soothing System. Thank you, Ruth, and Paul Gilbert!
Wow, really helpful to see it visually. I think I have been in the threat zone since childhood and didnt know until recently and yes tried to achieve goals, to succeed but depression got in the way. Only recently learning to sooth myself because of being triggered, the wounded child. I am 61 and all this has been unconscious, I have been meditating and the Buddhist centre has helped me to realise this, as it was so deeply buried, from 4 years old. Thank you so much.
Sorry, but Oxytocin and Dopamine aren’t hormones, they are neurotransmitters. Nevertheless a helpful graphic.
I believe it is a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
Oxytocin is indeed a hormone. Dopamine is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone (as it has many functions outside of the central nervous system).
Have you connected this to the polyvagal system? Drive system and soothe system seems to reflect ventral vagus and threat system the SNS (or HPA axis). Nice graphic. Thanks
I was wondering this. Maybe Drive is the more benevolent end of the SNS, and Threat is combination of SNS and Dorsal? Soothing sounds all Ventral.
This is marvelous, especially the idea to have the clients draw their own info graphic and depict where they are by changing the size of each circle to reflect where they are personally
Thank you for sharing this! I was going to make my own after last week’s session since it was such a practical way to demonstrate what the brain is doing (to myself and clients) but I just hadn’t had time yet…
Thank you for sharing this. It will be very helpful in my sessions with clients. I appreciate it!
Thank you. I will share this poster with the youth that I work with. It gives them a visual of their emotions and a clearer understanding of how we can shift from one to the other.
It is really helpful for clients to to shift out from threat system and to safety and connection.
Absolutely fantastic resource. Thanks you!!
Thank you so much! This is wonderful and helpful and appreciated.
Thank you so much for so generously sharing this. I love it as a reminder to myself to notice where I am operating from and as a tool to use with clients so they too can begin to notice where they are and what they might need.
Thankyou I love the clarity, very useful
This is wonderful. I so appreciate the work put into making it clear and simple. I especially love that it shows the hormone that is activated. It would also be great to know the brain part associated with each system.
Thank you.This is most helpful
Wow! This is so appreciated. Thank you for putting this together and sharing it with us. Jen
Very helpful! I appreciate you sharing this. It helps to have a visual to show a client.
Thank you so much! I was looking for this information and graphic online but couldn’t find one I could print and use with clients so this is wonderful!
Thank you so much! This is invaluable in showing at a glance how we need to keep the balance between the different states of our Autonomic Nervous System. You are doing wonderful work!
HI and thanks so very much, this is very helpful. I certainly will use it together with my clients.
Namasate
Doris
Thank you NICABM for your continuing generosity in sharing a wealth of webinars and in enriching our toolkits !!!
I used it recently with parents to reinforce the necessity, in modern parenting times, to intentionally center ourselves in order to access our best responses. Everyone got quiet – it hit home.
I’m also going to use it with moms who’re looking for new responses to their child after their own traumatic childhoods.
Really exceptional, thank you! The Compassion Based Therapy webinar series is opening up so many new insights and applications. Sending much gratitude to NICABM for its continued excellent programming.
Unfortunately I am no longer in practice but CBT seems quite appropriate for many clients, if I had them, as patients. And Compassion Based Therapy would certainly a good option and result. Bravo, Dr. Bell